Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho ntawm satellite positioning technology, high-precision positioning technology tau siv rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej niaj hnub no, xws li kev soj ntsuam thiab daim ntawv qhia, kev ua liaj ua teb precision, uav, tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, high-precision positioning technology. tuaj yeem pom txhua qhov chaw.Tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev ua tiav ntawm lub network ntawm lub cim tshiab ntawm Beidou navigation satellite system thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm 5G era, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm Beidou +5G yuav tsum txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov ntawm high-precision positioning technology nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau teem caij. , kev tshuaj xyuas neeg hlau, kev saib xyuas tsheb, kev tswj xyuas logistics thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.Lub realization ntawm high precision positioning technology yog inseparable los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm high precision kav hlau txais xov, high precision algorithm thiab high precision board card.Daim ntawv no tsuas yog qhia txog kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov kav hlau txais xov siab, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab lwm yam.

1. Kev tsim kho thiab kev siv ntawm GNSS high-precision kav hlau txais xov

1.1 High-precision kav hlau txais xov

Nyob rau hauv FIELD ntawm GNSS, high-precision kav hlau txais xov yog ib hom kav hlau txais xov uas muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov theem chaw.Nws yog feem ntau ua ke nrog high-precision board kom paub qhov high-precision positioning ntawm centimeter-level los yog millimeter-theem.Nyob rau hauv tus tsim ntawm high-precision kav hlau txais xov, feem ntau yog tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau rau cov nram qab no ntsuas: kav hlau txais xov beam dav, qis nce nce, tsis-roundness, yob poob coefficient, pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab piv, anti-multipath muaj peev xwm, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsuas no yuav ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau theem chaw ruaj khov ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw.

1.2 Daim ntawv thov thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov siab

Lub high-precision GNSS kav hlau txais xov yog pib siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab ua daim ntawv qhia kom ua tau zoo li qub millimeter-theem positioning raug nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm engineering lofting, topographic mapping thiab ntau yam kev soj ntsuam xyuas.Nrog high precision positioning thev naus laus zis dhau los ua neeg paub tab, tus kav hlau txais xov muaj qhov tseeb tau maj mam siv rau hauv ntau thiab ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus, kev saib xyuas deformation, kev soj ntsuam av qeeg, ntsuas kev soj ntsuam thiab daim ntawv qhia, cov tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb (uavs), thaj chaw ntawm precision kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg, kev tsav tsheb sim tsav kev cob qhia, engineering machinery thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, hauv kev siv sib txawv rau qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov kuj muaj qhov txawv txav.

1.2.1 CORS system, deformation xyuas, seismic xyuas - siv lub kav hlau txais xov

Cov kav hlau txais xov muaj qhov tseeb siv qhov chaw nres tsheb ua haujlwm tas mus li, los ntawm kev soj ntsuam mus sij hawm ntev rau qhov tseeb qhov chaw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus hauv lub sijhawm saib cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau qhov chaw tswj, qhov yuam kev ntawm kev ntsuas qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam tom qab kho qhov tsis zoo los txhim kho qhov system ntawm av, thiab lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv waas txhim khu qhov system, thiab lwm yam., xa cov lus yuam kev rau rover (tus neeg siv), Thaum kawg, tus neeg siv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug sib koom tes [1].

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm deformation xyuas, av qeeg saib xyuas thiab lwm yam, vim hais tias yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tus nqi ntawm deformation, nrhiav kom tau me me deformation, thiaj li mus kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm natural disasters.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm high-precision kav hlau txais xov rau daim ntaub ntawv xws li kev khiav hauj lwm kev siv chaw nres tsheb, deformation xyuas thiab seismic xyuas, thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum yog nws zoo heev theem chaw ruaj ntseg thiab anti-multipath cuam tshuam muaj peev xwm, thiaj li yuav muab real-time raug. cov ntaub ntawv txoj haujlwm rau ntau yam kev txhim kho.Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau muab ntau qhov kev hloov kho satellite raws li qhov ua tau, tus kav hlau txais xov yuav tsum tau txais ntau satellites ntau npaum li qhov ua tau, plaub qhov system tag nrho cov zaus band tau dhau los ua tus qauv teeb tsa.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov no, siv cov kav hlau txais xov chaw nres tsheb (siv chaw nres tsheb kav hlau txais xov) npog tag nrho cov qhab ntawm plaub lub tshuab feem ntau yog siv los ua tus kav hlau txais xov ntawm qhov system.

1.2.2 Kev soj ntsuam thiab ua daim ntawv qhia - Cov kav hlau txais xov muaj nyob hauv

Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev kos duab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim ib lub kav hlau txais xov hauv kev soj ntsuam uas yooj yim rau kev sib koom ua ke.Lub kav hlau txais xov feem ntau yog ua rau sab saum toj ntawm RTK receiver kom ua tiav lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kev ua haujlwm siab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev soj ntsuam thiab daim ntawv qhia.

Built-in ntsuas tus kav hlau txais xov nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, kab teeb npog, theem chaw, kav hlau txais xov loj, thiab lwm yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog daim ntawv thov ntawm network RTK, kev koom ua ke nrog 4 g, bluetooth, WiFi tag nrho netcom built-in nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas kav hlau txais xov maj mam tuav lub lag luam tseem ceeb, txij li thaum nws launched nyob rau hauv 2016 los ntawm feem ntau ntawm RTK receiver manufacturers, Nws tau lug siv thiab txhawb.

1.2.3 Kev xeem tsav tsheb thiab kev cob qhia tsav tsheb, kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj neeg siv - ntsuas tus kav hlau txais xov sab nraud

Cov kev sim tsav tsheb ib txwm muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo, xws li cov khoom siv loj, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev saib xyuas tus nqi, kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig zoo, tsis muaj qhov tseeb, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab siv cov kav hlau txais xov siab hauv kev tsav tsheb, lub kaw lus hloov los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas phau ntawv. mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntse, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb yog qhov siab, uas txo cov tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov nqi ntawm kev tsav tsheb.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg tau tsim kho sai.Nyob rau hauv kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav tsheb, qhov chaw siv tshuab ntawm RTK siab precision positioning thiab inertial navigation ua ke qhov chaw feem ntau yog saws, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseeb qhov chaw nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw.

Hauv kev sim tsav tsheb kev cob qhia, xws li cov tshuab tsis siv neeg, feem ntau cov kav hlau txais xov yog ntsuas nrog cov ntawv sab nraud, qhov yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau zaus, ntau zaus kav hlau txais xov nrog ntau qhov system tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov siab qhov tseeb, lub teeb liab multipath muaj qee yam inhibition, thiab ib puag ncig zoo. adaptability, tuaj yeem siv mus ntev hauv ib puag ncig sab nraum zoov yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm.

1.2.4 UAV — High-precision uav antenna

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev lag luam uav tau txhim kho sai heev.Uav tau siv dav hauv kev tiv thaiv kev cog qoob loo, kev soj ntsuam thiab ua daim ntawv qhia, kev saib xyuas kab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam xwm txheej.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tsuas yog nruab nrog lub kav hlau txais xov siab siab tuaj yeem ua kom qhov tseeb, ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm ntau yam haujlwm.Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kub ceev, lub teeb load thiab luv luv ntawm uav, tus tsim ntawm uav high-precision kav hlau txais xov tsuas yog tsom rau qhov hnyav, qhov loj me, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam, thiab paub txog kev tsim broadband kom deb li deb tau ntawm qhov chaw ua kom ntseeg tau. hnyav thiab loj.

2, GNSS kav hlau txais xov technology nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws

2.1 Tam sim no cov xwm txheej ntawm txawv teb chaws high-precision kav hlau txais xov tshuab

Kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws ntawm high-precision kav hlau txais xov pib thaum ntxov, thiab cov khoom lag luam siab-precision kav hlau txais xov nrog kev ua tau zoo tau tsim, xws li GNSS 750 series choke kav hlau txais xov ntawm NoVatel, Zepryr series kav hlau txais xov ntawm Trimble, Leica AR25 kav hlau txais xov, thiab lwm yam. uas muaj ntau hom kav hlau txais xov nrog qhov tseem ceeb tshiab.Yog li ntawd, yav dhau los rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam high-precision kav hlau txais xov yog tawm ntawm monopoly ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws.Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev nce ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim khoom hauv tsev, txawv teb chaws GNSS high-precision kav hlau txais xov zoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev tau pib nthuav kev lag luam mus rau txawv teb chaws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov GNSS cov kav hlau txais xov tshiab kuj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, xws li Maxtena, Tallysman, thiab lwm yam, uas cov khoom siv feem ntau yog cov kav hlau txais xov me me GNSS siv rau uav, tsheb thiab lwm yam.Daim ntawv kav hlau txais xov feem ntau yog microstrip kav hlau txais xov nrog siab dielectric tas li los yog plaub-arm kauv kav hlau txais xov.Nyob rau hauv hom kev tsim cov kav hlau txais xov no, cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws tsis muaj qhov zoo dua, cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm sib tw homogeneous.

2.2 Tam sim no qhov teeb meem ntawm domestic high-precision kav hlau txais xov technology

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum dhau los, ib tug xov tooj ntawm domestic high-precision kav hlau txais xov manufacturers pib loj hlob thiab develop, xws li Huaxin Kav hlau txais xov, Zhonghaida, Dingyao, Jiali Electronics, thiab lwm yam., uas tau tsim cov khoom lag luam siab-precision kav hlau txais xov nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev txawj ntse muaj cai.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb kav hlau txais xov thiab built-in ntsuas kav hlau txais xov, HUaxin's 3D choke kav hlau txais xov thiab tag nrho-netcom ua ke kav hlau txais xov tsis tsuas yog ncav cuag thoob ntiaj teb kev ua tau zoo, tab sis kuj ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm ntau yam kev siv ib puag ncig nrog kev ntseeg siab, Lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab tsis ua haujlwm tsawg heev.

Hauv kev lag luam ntawm lub tsheb, uav thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, kev tsim thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ntsuas tus kav hlau txais xov sab nraud thiab plaub-arm kauv kav hlau txais xov tau zoo heev, thiab tau siv dav hauv daim ntawv thov kev tsav tsheb, kev tsav tsheb tsis siv neeg, uav thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, thiab tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo nyiaj txiag thiab kev sib raug zoo.

3. Cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab kev cia siab ntawm GNSS kav hlau txais xov kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv 2018, tag nrho cov zis tus nqi ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub satellite navigation thiab qhov chaw muab kev lag luam kev lag luam mus txog 301.6 billion YUAN, nce 18.3% piv nrog rau 2017 [2], thiab yuav ncav cuag 400 billion yuan nyob rau hauv 2020;Nyob rau hauv 2019, tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub ntiaj teb no satellite navigation lag luam yog 150 billion euros, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm GNSS davhlau ya nyob twg cov neeg siv mus txog 6.4 billion.Kev lag luam GNSS yog ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov kev lag luam uas tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam poob qis.Lub koom haum European GNSS tau kwv yees tias lub ntiaj teb satellite navigation lag luam yuav ob npaug rau ntau tshaj 300 billion euros nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, nrog cov naj npawb ntawm GNSS terminals nce mus rau 9.5 billion.

Ntiaj teb no satellite navigation ua lag luam, siv rau txoj kev tsheb, unmanned aerial tsheb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg yog nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no 10 xyoo lub loj hlob ntu ntawm kev ua lag luam: kev txawj ntse, unmanned tsheb yog lub ntsiab txoj kev loj hlob kev taw qhia, yav tom ntej txoj kev tsheb automated tsav tsheb muaj peev xwm. ntawm lub tsheb yuav tsum tau nruab nrog GNSS kav hlau txais xov muaj siab precision, yog li qhov kev lag luam loj loj rau GNSS kav hlau txais xov tsis siv neeg tsav tsheb.Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub, kev siv uav nruab nrog cov kav hlau txais xov siab, xws li cog kev tiv thaiv uav, yuav nce ntxiv.

4. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm GNSS high-precision kav hlau txais xov

Tom qab xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ntau yam thev naus laus zis ntawm GNSS high-precision kav hlau txais xov tau kuj paub tab, tab sis tseem muaj ntau cov lus qhia kom tawg:

1. Miniaturization: Lub miniaturization ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ib qho kev txhim kho nyob mus ib txhis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov xws li uav thiab handheld, qhov kev thov rau cov kav hlau txais xov me me yog qhov ceev dua.Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov yuav raug txo qis tom qab lub miniaturization.Yuav txo cov kav hlau txais xov loj npaum li cas thaum ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov siab.

2. Anti-multipath technology: Lub anti-multipath technology ntawm GNSS kav hlau txais xov feem ntau muaj xws li choke coil technology [3], khoom siv hluav taws xob khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob [4][5], thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li qhov loj, nqaim band. dav thiab tus nqi siab, thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav universal tsim.Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kawm txog kev siv thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv multipath nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm miniaturization thiab broadband kom tau raws li ntau yam kev thov.

3. Multi-function: Niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau GNSS kav hlau txais xov, ntau tshaj ib lub kav hlau txais xov sib txuas lus tau muab tso rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv.Cov kev sib txuas lus sib txawv yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam rau GNSS kav hlau txais xov, cuam tshuam rau ib txwm txais satellite txais.Yog li ntawd, kev tsim qauv ntawm GNSS kav hlau txais xov thiab kev sib txuas lus kav hlau txais xov yog pom tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntau, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub sij hawm tsim, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev sib koom ua ke, txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm electromagnetic compatibility thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov. tag nrho lub tshuab.